How to Design a Pen Pal Program for Your Classroom

A pen pals program is one of the most fun ways to give your kids a real-life lesson in Social Studies, Language Arts, Geography, and more. Begin working on pen pals with your students as early in the school year as possible, so that you can maximize the number of letters that the participants can exchange. The Benefits of Pen Pals Pen pal relationships offer a number of significant inter-disciplinary benefits for your students, including: valuable practice at writing letters in the proper format (Language Arts standard)increased awareness of societies and cultures from around the world (can be tied into Social Studies, Geography, and more!)a chance to maintain ongoing communication with people who live far awayincreased odds that your students will continue to be letter writers for the rest of their lives Email or Snail Mail? As a teacher, you must decide if you want your students to gain practice at writing traditional letters or at composing emails. I prefer to use pencil-and-paper pen pals because I want to contribute to keeping the lost art of traditional letter writing alive. Youll want to consider: the grade level you are teachingthe availability of computers at your schoolthe level of computer literacy of your students Finding Pen Pals for Your Kids Using the Internet, its fairly simple to find enthusiastic counterparts from around the world who would like to partner up with your classroom. Post an announcement on an education-related Message Board. Simply put the word out about where you are, the grade level of your students, and what kind of pen pal relationship you seek. Every summer, our Message Board bustles with pen pal activity, so it should be fairly easy for you to partner up.Sign up with a Pen Pal matching service. For example,​ ​International Pen Friends shuns email pals in favor of keeping the art of traditional letter writing alive. Fill out their School Class Application Form and, for a fee, youll be matched up with other interested students from around the world. ePALS is one of the largest email pen pal sites, so its definitely worth a visit if you want to go the email route. Keep Pen Pals Safe and Secure In todays society, you need to take extra precautions in order to keep activities safe, especially where children are concerned. Read Internet Safety Tips for Kids in order to minimize the risks involved with pen pal communications. You should also read through the letters your students write to make sure they arent giving away any personal information, such as their home addresses, or family secrets. Its better to be safe than sorry. Get Connected and Get Started As your Pen Pal program continues, one of the keys to success is keeping in close contact with the teacher you are working with. Drop him or her a quick email to let them know when they can expect your letters to arrive. Determine ahead of time if you are going to send each letter individually or in one big batch. I would recommend sending them in one big batch just to keep it simpler for you. Explore the wide world of Pen Pal resources on the web and get ready for a school year full of new friends and fun filled letters. No matter how you choose to design your classrooms pen pal program, your students are sure to benefit from the interactions you facilitate.

Operations and Supply Chain Management - 1804 Words

When marketing, engineering, and operations simultaneously develop a process (cross -functional integration), this approach is known as __________ ________________. A) sequential process B) traditional approach C) concurrent engineering D) both A and B E) none of the above Feedback: C is the correct answer. Unlike the traditional serial or sequential approach, concurrent engineering uses cross-functional integration for concurrent development of a product. 2 Quality Function Deployment ______________ A) is a tool for translating customer requirements into concrete operating and engineering goals. B) facilitates inter-functional cooperation between marketing, engineering,†¦show more content†¦A) When looking at capacity, operations managers need to look at both resource input and product outputs. B) An operations management view also emphasizes the time dimension of capacity. C) Capacity planning itself has a different meaning to individuals at different levels within the operations management hierarchy. D) The definition of capacity, in an operations management context, makes a clear distinction between efficient and inefficient use of capacity. Feedback: A, B, and C are correct statements. D is the correct answer. The definition of capacity, in an operations management context, makes no distinction between efficient and inefficient use of capacity. 2 Capacity utilization rate can be computed as: A) Capacity used – best operating level B) Capacity used Ãâ€" best operating level C) Capacity used / best operating level D) Capacity used + best operating level E) None of the above Feedback: C is the correct answer. Capacity utilization rate = Capacity used/ best operating level 3 Capacity flexibility can be achieved through: A) Flexible plants B) Flexible processes C) Flexible workers D) Strategies that use the capacity of other organizations E) All of the above Feedback: A, B, C, and D are ways to achieve capacity flexibility. 4 Considerations inShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management And Operation Management1374 Words   |  6 Pages1) Definition of the scope Supply chain management and operation management have become integral components as far as organizational competitiveness is concerned. This paper will begin by offering a literature review about supply chain management and operations management. Then, the paper will explore various issues within the Airbus company and analyze the identified issues by apply SCOM concept. The paper will also identify specific best/worst practices in the Aerospace industry before offeringRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Operations Management747 Words   |  3 PagesPart I, Objective 1: Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Operations Management (OM) Supply chain management is the business of overseeing the flow of materials to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. It is an external process that involves supply chain managers communicating with other vendors to ensure a product flows through the supply chain smoothly. Once a product reaches the consumer, it has already flowed through multiple organizations – these organizations collectively are referredRead MoreOperations Management and Supply Chain Management1248 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: How does Operations and Supply Chain Mgmt enhance company profitability? 1. Content 2. Charts and Graphs 3. Evidence to support your position 4. Examples that highlight your conclusion Table of Contents: I. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 II. Operations Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 III. Supply Chain Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 IV. Examples/Case Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreOperation and Supply Chain Management8662 Words   |  35 PagesOPERATION amp; SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Sec I- strategy amp; sustainability 1. OSCM 2. strategy amp; sustainability 3. product amp; service design Sec II- manufacturing, service amp; health care processes *4. strategic capacity management *4A. learning curves 5. process analysis 5A. job design amp; work measurement 6. production process 6A. facility layout *7. service processes *7A. waiting line analysis *8. health care processes 9. six sigmaRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Operations Management1204 Words   |  5 PagesSupply-chain management is an important consideration of Operations Management. In the past, many businesses only focused on the operations occurring within. Even today, business push to increase standards of performance and quality, create better marketing strategies, improve efficiency in the workplace, and hire and train employees as part of human resource strategy, among other ‘inside’ actions. However, it is a growing reality that there are other ‘outside’ factors and stakeholders in the finalRead MoreImportance Of Operations And Supply Chain Management884 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Operations Organizations’ have matured over the years; they have learned and adapted to become more strategic in every aspect of their business. One way organizations’ have done this is by understanding the importance of operations and supply chain management. The author will explain how operations and supply chain management evolved to what it is today, how this is important to the company’s strategy, and define the dimensions of the quality. Evolution Everything adapts and changesRead MoreSupply Chain Operations Management Analysis4582 Words   |  19 Pages Supply Chain Operations Management Analysis of Southwest Airlines Name: University: Course Title: Instructor: Date: â€Æ' Introduction Southwest Airline is said to be the largest airline firm in the world and yet it charges low-fare costs to its large population of customers. Interestingly, it is noted that the company is one that depends on a large pool of suppliers whom are found necessary for the business to operate desirably. Such suppliers are mentioned to include: maintenance firms, fuelRead MoreEffective Management Of Operations And Supply Chain3011 Words   |  13 PagesEffective management of operations and supply chain is a crucial source of competitive advantage for any business in a rigorously competitive environment. Operations management generally denotes the process of managing a firm’s resources with the ultimate aim of delivering value to the customer (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). To stay ahead of the competition, an organisation must constantly strive to transform its operations – it must seek to eliminate inefficiencies in the supply chain. ThisRead MoreGlobal Operations And Supply Chain Management858 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Operations and Supply Chain Management Competitive Alternatives Survey A company involved in manufacturing medical devices decides to begin sourcing components internationally. As for now, it operates in the United States and Germany only. So, senior management should assess the relative manufacturing costs worldwide to choose where to source. This decision will be made based on manufacturing costs. Cities with the Lowest and Highest Manufacturing Costs The latest Competitive AlternativesRead MoreSupply Chain Management: Operations Management Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesSupply Chain Management: Operations Management Introduction Operations Management is the term we use for the management of the resources necessary to produce and deliver the products and services required by customers. These resources include labour, materials and capital equipment. The following definition reflects the nature of Operations management: Operations management is about the way organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about

My Confirmation Speech free essay sample

That One Thing It struck a chord in my heart, because, I love that song, and I almost immediately chose music to be my One Thing. Though now I was faced with a tougher challenge, writing a speech about all of us. It would have to somehow relate to music. It finally struck me again, almost everyone In our confirmation class can play an Instrument or has a deep love with music. I know I have a deep rooted love with music. Ive been writing heavy metal lyrics since 7th grade.I constantly practice guitar: Im listening to every little nuance and somehow managing to fix it. I self produce home made dance songs. If you were to walk into my room, on my desk you would find a small keyboard, a mixing board, a laptop with a music software running and 3 guitars hanging from a four-way guitar stand. We will write a custom essay sample on My Confirmation Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You would see a small amp and effect pedals that some of your favorite musicians might Just be using. I work with other musicians all the time. On Fridays my best friend Alfred comes over to help me fix problems with my next dance song.I go to school and talk music with my friends and how mad certain forms of the heavy teal genre make me. I remember when my sister, Aryan, and I first started out middle school, she took up the trumpet because she wanted an instrument that not everyone else wanted to play. I remember having to listen to her practice almost every night. Though now she hates the trumpet I still think It was one of the reasons I ever got into guitar because my sister had the determination for three years to play the trumpet.Though now Ive progressed much farther than a person who has been playing for one year should, I still wish I could have said thankful to Aryan for giving e the determination to play an instrument in a less cheesy way, I still would like to say, thank you, Aryan. Though midway through 7th grade I believe, AK Kappa Joined our congregation. He would later become one of my best friends along with Justine Webb. The three of us are kind of like the guitar trio in the Confirmation class. Were always bickering about some problem with one of our Ideas on music. If not that, Its video games.Another person in our confirmation class who is also very musical, though she doesnt play any Instruments, Is Samaritan Aids, Her voice Is Just, wow. She has a very beautiful, or In musical terms, melodic voice. She Is probably the best singer I know. I really think, that if she pursues it, she could become a very popular singer in whatever genre of music she chooses. Gabrielle Gingersnap, and Tierney Torching are both good at the instruments they play, Gabrielle at clarinet, and Tierney at guitar. They both just dont have someone to help them out to learn to play or Just never talk about playing an instrument.I think that Just kind of makes them better than AK, Justine, and I because we kind of like to boast about our abilities sometimes. Daphne Levy, a friend of our at Near Timid, since day one, she always seemed a little weird to me. Im not going to lie about that fact. But she also has a great taste in music, and actually, whether she knows it or not, has helped me listen to some pretty extraordinary bands, that I really like. She always did Like bands that were more obscure and underground and she helped me get Into the local music scene. In fact some of my favorite bands come from the Lass Vegas and Henderson local music scene.Then we have Ben Stromberg and Paul Chin. Ben is probably the most Loriss or funny. I dont think anyone in our Confirmation class hates him at all. He really is Just a good person and is overall unbelievably Just the coolest person I know. Paul is the guy I talk to about tech and dance music. He Just understands my language when others really dont. I like to debate with him and talk to him about Macs and PCs. But how does this subject of music apply to Judaism? I think the better question is how doesnt it apply? Every prayer we sing has some form of a melody to it, or we can certainly make a melody.Here at Near Timid, were graced with sock n roll style of our prayers courtesy of the Soapstone I think music is a big part of Jewish culture. I dont think we would have the same enthusiasm about being Lewis if the music of our prayers didnt uplift us and make us want to believe in God. Think music is also a great way to express ourselves and help shape a personality. It also makes praying more personal and fun. I cant imagine saying Mi Chamois or any other prayers without the songs tune that Ive grown to learn and love. So That One Thing for me is definitely music I make, Music I listen to, and Music I pray to.

Trifles Gender Conflict Essay Essay Example

Trifles Gender Conflict Essay Paper In the drama Trifles. at that place seems to be one struggle that stays consistent through the full drama. The struggle of gender functions between male and female. The drama itself is about the probe and slaying of Mr. Wright. Who has been found dead in his bed that looks to be a slaying from a rope around his cervix. The drama takes topographic point where the organic structure was found. inside the Wrights family. Investigating is County Attorney George Henderson. and Sheriff Henry Peters. Included in the drama besides is Lewis Hale a adjacent husbandman. and the married womans of Mr. Peters and Mr. Hale. We will write a custom essay sample on Trifles Gender Conflict Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Trifles Gender Conflict Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Trifles Gender Conflict Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The background of the drama was written by Susan Glaspell in 1916 as a adult female sensitive to feminist issues. An evident ground of why gender struggle is so apparent through the full drama. From the really start of the drama you can see the separation between brand and female. â€Å"The adult females have come in easy. and stand shut together near the door. † ( 1366 ) Susan Glaspell has a really good authorship manner in her stage way of giving the drama a cliff-hanging feel. From the really first line of the drama you can see the separation between male and female. â€Å"This feels good. Come up to the fire. ladies. † Says the County Attorney. â€Å"I’m not-cold. † responds Mrs. Peters. † ( 1367 ) Intriguing and thoughtful the struggle continues straight after. â€Å"not much of a housekeeper. would you state ladies? † says Hale. â€Å"Theirs is a great trade of work to be done on a farm. † Mrs. Hale answers and goes on to state â€Å"Men’s custodies aren’t ever every bit clean as they might be. † ( 1369 ) Continuously throughout the drama the adult females when asked for sentiments defend their sex. They stand their land multiple times. as if Susan Glaspell is seeking to acquire work forces of her clip to see life through a woman’s eyes and the prejudice differences. The work forces finish their probe up downstairs and continue upstairs to go forth the ladies to roll up and look into on some things at the petition of Mrs. Wright. The minute the work forces leave Mrs. Hale provinces. â€Å"I’d hatred to hold work forces coming into my kitchen spying about and knocking. † This line creates tenseness and animus of how the ladies feel towards the work forces. The ladies continue to speak about Mrs. Wright and the alterations they have heard about her over the old ages. â€Å"I heard she use to have on pretty apparels and be lively. when she was Minnie Foster. one of the town misss singing in the choir. But that-oh. that was 30 old ages ago. † ( 1370 ) This starts to arouse ideas of what could hold changed such a nice lady into a slaying suspect. The remainder of the scene is composed of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters seeking to make up ones mind if they think Mrs. Wright was truly capable of making such a hideous act. Mrs. Peters says â€Å" Mr. Peters says it looks bad for her. Mr. Henderson is atrocious sarcastic in a address and he’ll make merriment of her sayin’ she didn’t wake up. † ( 1370 ) They continue on in the probe and happen a comforter. Mrs. Hale says â€Å" I wonder if she was merely traveling to quilt it or knot it! † followed by a sarcastic response by the Sheriff â€Å"They wonder if she was traveling to quilt it or merely knot it! † ( 1371 ) It could now non be more apparent that the work forces do non take anything serious that the adult females are stating. As if they are naif and cognize nil a adult male could cognize. The work forces so proceed out to the barn to look for more grounds as if there could be something out at that place. The adult females stay in and go on to look around. They find a bird coop that has been broke unfastened and look to be handled approximately. â€Å"I s’pose possibly the cat got it. † says Mrs. Hale. â€Å"No. she didn’t have a cat† replied Mrs. Peters. ( 1372 ) This comes of import in the gender struggle subsequently in the drama as the work forces arrive back subsequently. The adult females continue on to garner things for Mrs. Wright while she is in gaol. They so make the startling find of the dead bird. Somebody-wrung-its-neck. ’’ Says Mrs. Peters. ( 1373 ) This both frightens the ladies and so they start to hear the work forces come back and conceal what they have merely discovered. â€Å"Well. ladies have you decided whether she was traveling to quilt it or knot it? † The County Attorney says. â€Å"We think she was traveling to-knot it. † Replied Mrs. Peters. ( 1373 ) A sarcastic inquiry from the work forces non cognizing this tied straight into the slaying. The County Attorney asks about the bird and the Mrs. Hale replied â€Å"We believe the cat got it. ( 1373 ) A much different answer so earlier in the drama when they knew she had no cat. The work forces so leave to look into back upstairs and give the ladies a minute to truly hold on the find they have merely made. After the silence. they talk about Mr. Wright how he would of hated the bird and hated kids. He hated vocalizing and referred to him as being the ground Mrs. Wright must of stopped. They lived out in the center of no where with non many contacts with anyone. and made a point to see the bird was all Mrs. Wright had.

School Is A Place To Learn -Education Essay

School Is A Place To Learn -Education Essay Free Online Research Papers School Is A Place To Learn -Education Essay School is a place for us to learn knowledge and skills. Therefore, the environment will effect our learning a lot. AT last term, there is a new construction on our new hall. If that new school hall is constructed, it will effect our school environment a lot because of the ground shaking during the construction and limited school ground when construction si in place. Ground shaking of construction effect our school environment a lot because the noise makes us can’t concentrate on the work. The noise also makes the teacher very hard to teach because they have to shout over the noise in order for student to listen clearly. For example, you are writing when the whole building is shaking. Not only has this will making your writing go suddenly out of shape. The stationary will also fall on the ground. I think the school should do the digging of the old hall concrete after school time. In that case, fewer students will be affected. The second reason why the construction of the new hall affect school environment is because of the limited space during construction because student is not allow to get into construction zone. This lowers the useful ground of our school and also makes our whole school suddenly run out of space. The limited space in school will bring a lot of trouble to teachers because they wouldn’t be able to use the front parking any more. Student of music also have to go through a â€Å"hole† in the fence in order to reach. This also take long to walk and very dangerous for student to walk into construction zone. I think the construction should be more faxable by making more â€Å"holes† and also should make a place for teachers to park. In this case, this will safe a lot of time during class so the student will a have a chance to learn more In conclusion, I think the construction of the new school hall affect the school environment because there is huge ground shaking when they are taking out the concrete and limited space while constructing bring trouble to student. However it is always good to have a new hall that can put all the student form f.3 to f.7 in. It is also good to have a new hall because the old hall is old and sometimes the microphone in there doesn’t work well Research Papers on School Is A Place To Learn -Education EssayStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Smoke Bomb Safety Information

Smoke Bomb Safety Information Its easy to make a smoke bomb and actually pretty safe, but when you read about projects online its hard to tell which ones are safe as in you probably wont die or poison yourself and which fall into the category of Id let me own kids do this. Generally, its safe for teens to make smoke bombs with adult oversight, while younger explorers need direct adult supervision. Key Takeaways: Smoke Bombs Homemade smoke bombs are made using potassium nitrate and sugar, which are both found in food. While not intended to be eaten, they are largely non-toxic.Some smoke bomb recipes call for cooking the ingredients, which presents the risk of fire or smoke. Smoke bombs do not explode.Adult supervision is recommended. What are some safety considerations of the project? This reader email covers the important questions: My 13-yr old son wants to make a homemade smoke bomb (with adult supervision). Before conducting this home chemistry experiment, I want to be sure this can be done safely. What are the risks/potential dangers associated with this procedure? Is there any risk of the smoke bomb exploding, or igniting rapidly? Under what circumstances? What should should we watch out for? Also, where is the best place to buy a small quantity of potassium nitrate? Is it still available at most garden stores? Some stump removers use other chemicals; and some don’t list ingredients at all. Any advice most appreciated! Smoke bombs are made by reacting potassium nitrate (saltpeter) with sugar over low burner heat. The project wont harm your cookware, plus the ingredients are safe enough that you can use the dishes you would use for eating, as long as you clean them. The MSDS for potassium nitrate provides handling and safety details, but Ill summarize the relevant points. Though potassium nitrate is found in some foods, you dont want to eat the pure powder. Its reactive, so it will cause itching and/or burning if you inhale any or get it on your skin. Potassium nitrate should be stored away from heat or flame. The chemical isnt flammable, but its extremely reactive. Heat promotes reactions, which you dont want occurring on a shelf in your garage, for example. Follow the safety instructions on the container. If you get it on your skin, immediately rinse it off with water. If you spill potassium nitrate on the counter while making the smoke bomb, wipe it off with water. You want good ventilation while heating the ingredients, as from a vented fan. An outdoor stove would be a good option. The big thing to watch for is spilling the mixture on the burner because it will catch on fire and smoke. If that happens, youll get a lot of smoke and probably set off your smoke alarm. The smoke itself is no more or less dangerous than wood smoke, which means you dont want to take deep breaths of it. Ignite the smoke bomb outdoors. I cant envision a scenario where it would be possible to cause the smoke bomb to explode. How much flame you get depends on the potassium nitrate to sugar ratio. You can go from a smoky blob that will barely burn to a fast-burning fiery smoke bomb. If you set the smoke bomb on a combustible surface (like dried leaves), it could start a fire. If you need to put out the smoke bomb, you can douse it with water. The hardest part about making a smoke bomb is finding the potassium nitrate. In some places, it may be sold next to Epsom salts in the pharmacy section of a store. It is found in some garden supply centers as a fertilizer. It is sold as a food preservative for making salted meats. If youre highly motivated and have some time, you could even prepare it yourself. However, its probably easiest to buy a small quantity online (e.g., Sargent-Welch). Supposedly some Indian food stores sell it as an ingredient named Kala Nimak. If youre in the UK, search online for a list of places that offer potassium nitrate. Its harder to find than in the past, not so much because it can be used to make gunpowder as because better products are available for most applications.

Should women be allowed in combat (yes) arguing for the issue Research Paper

Should women be allowed in combat (yes) arguing for the issue - Research Paper Example First, women who comprise almost 14 percent of the armed forces should be allowed to serve fully in front- line combat units because they have proven themselves to be mentally, morally, and physically able to lead and execute combat-type operations (Healey, 57). As a result, some of these female marines feel qualified for the opportunity of taking on the role. My personal experience has been that women are as good leaders and team builders as men. I have noticed that women have good interpersonal and communication skills. They are good at taking orders; they are careful, keen and observant, and incorporating them in the combat can make it very successful (express.co.uk). Secondly, there is no clear evidence that integrating women soldiers into military operations or previously closed units damages cohesion or has other ill effects. In fact and independent report has suggested that women who serve in combat in Afghanistan and Iraq had a positive impact on the accomplishment of the mission (King, 409). Allowing women in the military makes the army looks normal to the society and increases its operational capability. General Sir Peter Wall put is that "they are fundamental to the operational effectiveness of the UKs Armed Forces, bringing talent and skills across the board† (express.co.uk).   Allowing women in combat creates a mixed gender force thus keeping the military strong. Deploying and recruiting women who are in better shape is much easier than many men who are sent in combat. Over the years I have realized that women are as intelligent as men and a woman, who commits into doing something, always does it perfectly (express.co.uk). Lastly, women should be allowed in combat because it will elevate their status in the military. Combat duty is often necessary for promotion to senior positions, therefore, denying female personnel the experience further entrenches sexism as very few will reach the highest

Stumper 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stumper 4 - Assignment Example My answer is also correct but it is not detailed to the lather. Both answers explain the effects of such situation in the short run. My answer gives general information while the teacher’s goes as far as categorizing the major economic components that face the full impacts. For instance, the teacher talks about the how businesses, households, commercial banks and the foreign exchange markets react to lower Fed Fund Rates. Nevertheless, both answers explain the result of the expansionary monetary policy that is enacted during trough phase of the business cycle. In this question, both answers are correct though there slight difference in the explanations. Both answers focus on the long term effects of a strong expansionary policy and the resulting effects. Some of the effects discussed include price levels, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, inflation, rate of unemployment and Gross Domestic Product. In my own opinion, the assignment is ninety five percent

To What Extent Can USA and USSR Be Blamed for the Start of the Cold War Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Can USA and USSR Be Blamed for the Start of the Cold War Essay To What extent can USA and USSR be blamed for the start of the Cold War? After World War II, a new world order was created as USSR and USA emerged as the two superpowers. There were already existing tensions between these two before the war and the wartime alliance was more out of the need to destroy the common enemy, Germany, rather than out of mutual agreements between these two. It has been argued that the cold war was caused mostly by the USSR because of their Marxism- Leninism ideology and their leader Stalin. To a large extent according to the Orthodox historians, Marxism- Leninism was responsible for the Cold War as it was an expansionist, aggressive ideology. They expanded under the aim to ‘liberate masses’ from capitalism. This greatly threatened the USA politically as this ‘liberation’ meant a communist takeover in the ‘liberated’ country. Also, the Orthodox historians argue that Stalin showed numerous signs of his unwillingness to co-operate in his dealings with Eastern Europe. Though Stalin had promised at Yalta to initiate free and fair elections in the Eastern-European states, he went against his word and created communist governments in all the states that were supposed to be freed. In Poland, for example, when the Peasant Party refused to join the ‘Democratic Front’ as demanded by the communists, the leader and other party officials were subjected to harassment and forced to flee. These aggressive acts by the communists made the Cold War inevitable. Arthur Schlesinger argued, ‘Leninism and Marxism made it impossible for the USSR and USA to co-operate. ’ Gewiss also wrote in his book, ‘Rethinking the Cold War’ that Stalin and the USSR had to be blamed for the Cold War. However, it is also very difficult to attribute the Cold War to the USSR. The Revisionist historians also have placed the blame for the Cold War on USA. The USA did not realize how devastated USSR was from World War II. About 20 million people had been killed, 1,700 cities were destroyed and about 700,000 villages were in ruins. The USSR’s control of Eastern Europe was mainly because she felt insecure because of her status. However, USA had emerged more economically powerful as she had experienced a wartime boom. The USA knew her economic power and thus used it to finance all her plans. This economic boom she experienced lead to the need to trade to maintain her status. Revisionists argue that the USA was responsible for the Cold War in the fact that she wanted to spread the policy of democracy. The USA wanted to create a form of ‘dollar imperialism’. Some historians argue that with this new form of imperialism, there was no need to politically take over the country. This can be identified in the Truman doctrine. The USA wanted to contain communism, that is, to stop it from spreading throughout the world. However, this was a very important policy, the ‘policy of containment’, as it marked the official beginning of the Cold War for many. After Churchill’s famous speech, ‘The Iron Curtain Speech’, he indicated the need of an Anglo-American alliance to put a stop to the communists. This was rather significant as it created quite some suspicion in the USSR. Stalin even recognized ‘The Iron Curtain Speech’ as a declaration of war and he replied to this speech by indicating that Mr. Churchill believed that only English speaking nations had the power to control the world. Revisionists argued that this actually caused Stalin to start formally annexing Eastern Europe. However, to blame the Cold War on these two nations will not be all too justifiable because of other factors that contribute largely to the Cold War; one of which was fear which consequently lead to each party misinterpreting the other’s actions and reaching out of fear. Post revisionists argue that most of the actions carried out in the Cold War were out of fear. USSR’s need to control Eastern Europe was as a result of her fear of being attacked again as she said that Germany had only been able to attack the USSR because that states around her were not friendly. The USA misinterpreted USSR’s actions as aggressive and wanting to take over the world. Similarly, when USA introduced the Marshall aid, she did it in order to help Europe to recover from the alarming war loss and also to enable trade with Europe. This aid was interpreted by the USSR as an anti-communism act and consequently rejected this aid for all her satellites. The cold war has many interpretations however, although the USSR and the USA had large roles to play in the development of the Cold War, these attitudes play coupled with other activities that made the Cold War inevitable.

Anorexia And What Causes It :: essays research papers

What causes Anorexia Nervosa? Eating disorders are not new. Anorexia Nervosa was first formally diagnosed in 1874, and the symptoms have been observed as far back as 300 years ago.(Walsh and Devlin 1) Although the condition has been known for centuries, it seems to be center stage now during the last decade or so. What is behind Anorexia? Is it inherited? Is Anorexia caused by some type of mental illness, or maybe environmental pressures? Does culture play a role in whether or not someone suffers from Anorexia? These questions are not easily answered,as we know if we have had any family members or close friends who have suffered from Anorexia. It's not as easily diagnosed as the measles or chickenpox, where the doctor knows exactly what the cause is. We will discover that there is no one clearcut cause for Anorexia. According to Women's Health Weekly one research study collected blood from 200 families where at least two of the siblings were suffering from Anorexia, several of the test results suggest a possible link between Anorexia and a shared suseptability gene found in many of the siblings (10) . We must keep in mind that although this research is promising it is still as of yet incomplete data, which in essence makes it a theory. This by no means suggests that there is not a biological link, but that more research needs to be done. There have also been a connection made between Anorexia and mental illness. Indeed recent research has discovered a strong link between Anorexia and several psychiatric disturbances such as; depression, agoraphobia, and social phobics to mention a few. The most promising connection is that many Anorexics are responding to a wide variety of psychiatric medication(Nagel and Jones 2). Although the numbers are not in yet, the fact that many of these people are responding to medication suggests a solid connection between mind and body. If we look at just a couple of behaviors many Anorexics display it does very much mimic that of a psychiatric disturbance. Most Anorexics are overly preoccupied with meal preparation and feeding everyone except themselves. Does this sound somewhat compulsive? Depression also seems to be a common trait among Anorexics, although the mere fact that these people are literally starving themselves can itself induce depression. One study found that 93% of their &q uot;persistant"Anorexic subjects suffered from depression. Interestingly 37% of their "recovered" Anorexics still presented with depression.

Ethical Use of Assessment Essay

Abstract In this report Julia has selected an assessment instrument that will be used in the mental health counseling field area of professional practice, the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Reviews of the assessment will be read to ensure that the assessment measures what it purports to measure and that the article reviews will also establish an appropriate use of that tool. Julia has also analyzed the theoretical basis of the article choice for the chosen assessment tool. In addition, Julia will compare who the test developers or publishers and independent reviewers to discuss the applicability of the assessment tool to diverse populations. Julia will provide information cited by the publisher where applicable. Along with this information, Julia will discuss how the comparison of the BDI-II to other assessments can help the counselor make an ethical judgment of the applicability of using the tool within diverse groups of clients. Finally, Julia will cite any relevant sections of the code of e thics for mental health counseling within the American Counseling Association as well as the Mental Health Professional code of ethics. It is also important to state that the names of participants used are fictional due to privacy of certain individuals. Ethical Use of Assessment Psychological Testing Ethics Ethics are an essential part of administering psychological tests and it is necessary that all test users follow the ethical guidelines for assessment when using any type of psychological test. Psychological tests are an important tool in terms of many professions in an array of settings such as in clinical psychology, education, and even business. However, misuse of psychological test by the administrators is a constant and troubling issue that has the potential to harm the individuals who are taking the test and even society as a whole. For test takers, the misuse of a psychological test could result in improper diagnoses or inappropriate decision making for their therapeutic process. The misuse of tests reflects very poorly on the  professional organizations along with highly trained test users. Overall this will result in poor decisions that may harm society in both an economic and mental fashion (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Usually test administrators do not intentionally misuse tests, but rather are not properly trained within the technical knowledge and overall testing procedure involved in administering the test. In an effort to prevent the misuse of psychological tests, psychologists developed a set of professional and technical standards for the development, evaluation, administration, scoring, and interpretation of all psychological tests. Professionals can overcome the misuse of tests simply by understanding these professional and technical standards involved in using psychological tests (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Beck developed a manual to help the administrator of the BDI to interpret the results of the inventory, which includes fifty reviews within a thirty page manual (Conoley, 2012) In any situation in which a professional offers advice or intervenes in a person’s personal life in any way, issues regarding fairness, honesty, and conflict of interest can exist. The term ethics dire ctly indicates any issues or practices that have the potential to influence the decision making process that involves doing the right thing. Therefore, ethics refers to the moral aspect of right or wrong in regards to various things such as an entire society, an organization, or a culture. Among many professions, there is a set of practice guidelines which are known as ethical standards in which each member of those professions elect on such codes after debating and discussing their various concerns of these particular guidelines that would make the process of testing more effective and ethical (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). However, it is exceptionally difficult to achieve universal agreement when it comes to ethics. For example, numerous psychologists disagree with each other in terms of the proper way to interpret a client’s right to privacy. Issues such as whether knowing a client may be a danger to themselves and others should be protected from legal inquiry poses what is known as an ethical dilemma. Ethical dilemmas are problems that will arise in which there is no clear, direct, or agreed upon moral solution. While ethical standards are not government appointed laws, violating ethical standards of an organization or profession can have numerous and varied penalties as well which can include expulsion from the organization. Testing is an essential  part of the psychological network, and if used improperly, can cause harm to individuals without their knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary that an ethical use of psychological tests is provided to anyone who relies upon them (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Psychological Testing and Privacy Ethical standards indisputably cover a large amount of ethical concerns and issues with a common purpose involving protecting the rights of any individual that becomes a recipient of any psychological service including testing. The Ethical Principles have a goal to respect individuals, safeguard individual privacy as well as dignity, and censure any unfair or discriminatory practices. There are many issues of concern when it comes to ethics, one such issue being the right to privacy (an enormous issue in the mental health counseling profession). The concepts of individual rights and privacy are a fundamental part of any society. The Ethical Principles affirm individual rights to privacy and confidentiality as well as self-determination, meaning that each client has the right to be able to discuss any presenting issue with their therapist and the discussion stay within the bounds of the office and to participate in the decision making of the therapeutic process. The term confidentiality indicates that individuals are guaranteed privacy in terms of all personal information that is disclosed and that no information will then be disclosed without the individual’s direct written permission. There are times however, that confidentiality is breached because counselors within a business setting, for example, will seek out psychological information about their employees. Another example of confidentiality being breached in a professional setting is when teachers may seek prior test scores for students, however, with the good intention of understanding issues of performance (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Counselors will also disclose any information the client discusses with them if the client intends to harm himself/herself and or others and when any type of abuse is indicated during the session. Psychological Testing and Anonymity Another term involved with an individual’s right to privacy is known as anonymity. Anonymity refers to the practice of obtaining information through  the use of tests while concealing the identity of the participant involved. Anonymous testing is more commonly used in double-blind studies in which the researchers are completely unaware of the identity of the participants of the study. It is suggested that anonymous testing may provide more validity in terms of accurate and truthful information about participants because participants will be more likely to answer questions truthfully about themselves when their identity is not revealed (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Psychological Testing and Informed Consent Another important issue is the right to informed consent which means that the client has the right to know exactly what is happening at all times during the testing and therapeutic process during therapy. Self-determination is a right to every individual which means that individuals are entitled to complete explanations as to why exactly they are being tested as well as how the results of the test will be utilized and what their results mean. These complete explanations are commonly known as informed consent and should be conveyed in such a way that is straight-forward and easy for examinees to understand which is most of the time done in a language in which the client understands what is being explained to them. In the case of minors or those with limited cognitive abilities, informed consent needs to be discussed with both the minor examinee themselves as well as their parent or guardian (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). However, informed consent should not be confused with parental permission. Counselors have a responsibility to ensure that the minor examinee as well as their parent or guardian understand all implications and requirements that will be involved in a psychological test before it is even administered. In addition to the issue of informed consent, participants are also entitled to be prompted with an explanation of the test results in a language structure that they understand. However, due to the fact that some test results may influence the participant’s self-esteem as well as behavior, it is crucial that a trained professional explain the results to the participant in a sensitive and understanding manner so that the participant responds to the items on the test with accuracy (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Psychological Testing and Stigma Another issue that involves ethics in terms of psychological tests is the right of protection from stigma. In conjunction with the participant’s right to know and understand their results, researchers need to be careful not to use any labels which might be interpreted as a stigma when describing the results in terms of and to the participant. Counselors and researchers must refrain from using terms such as â€Å"insane,† â€Å"feebleminded,† or â€Å"addictive personality†. Therefore, the results that the client receives, along with the parent or guardian in cases involving minors, should be describe in a positive way so that the growth and development of the participant is not disrespected in any way (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Beck Depression Inventory versus Beck Depression Inventory-II Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was designed to evaluate the possibility and severity of depression along with suicidality issues. The BDI was developed by Aaron Beck and his associates back in 1961 as a structured interview. Even though Beck is known for using a cognitive therapy methodology, the BDI is not designed in that fashion. Beck used language that was conducive of a fifth grade level to develop twenty-one items from which the participant can choose a level of severity from four option with each particular item. Cautions that Conoley (2012) mentioned in the review are those of fakability and social desirability. The individual participant may not be entirely truthful when choosing the severity of his or her level for items on the inventory. He or she may score higher or lower depending on how the individual responds to the inventory. Julia has also found that sometimes a participant has suffered from depression for a length of time in which makes responding to the items difficult since this individual may feel as though what is normal for him or her may not be normal for another individual. For example, Elka may score lower but has been presenting with depression much longer than Norma who scored higher due to the adult onset of depression versus the early onset of depression. Even though the BDI has been used extensively for about twenty-five years prior to revision in 1987 and again in the 1990s. Many articles touted the use of the BDI causing psychologists and therapists to use the origin al version created by Aaron Beck. The most recent BDI revised the original version with the rewording of fifteen out of twenty-one of the items due to discriminatory wording. The most recent revision also took into account the changes that were made to the Diagnostic Manual for  Mental Illness which correlate with the criteria for depression on a much higher level. It is plausible to have a more recent version created due to the Diagnostic Manual revision this past year in 2013. All versions of the BDI are designed to evaluate the probability of depression and suicidal tendency for individuals aged thirteen and over for a timeframe of five to ten minutes of the participant choosing the criteria associated with each item. The most recent version of the BDI has also revised to avoid sex and gender discrimination. These factors make the BDI-II a much stronger assessment tool which the counselor uses to evaluate the client’s presenting symptoms of depression (Arbisi & Farmer, 2012). Psychological Testing and BDI-II All of the ethical issues discussed above come into play when the counselor tests for depression of a client including the severity and longevity of the presenting symptoms of depression. Mental health counselors use the BDI-II to evaluate the possibility and severity of depression with which the client presents, in which it does. Usually the client will make a statement concerning the longevity of their presenting symptoms of depression which gives the counselor an idea of how long the client has been feeling depressed. Both are helpful in not only appropriately diagnosing the severity of the depression but also knowing what steps to take in the way of a treatment plan. Beck Depression Inventory-II and Diversity BDI-II has been modified and or translated into several different languages to address diversity in several cultures, such as Mexican-American, Chinese, as well as the elderly and older women groups. The items are modified in a way so that each group understands what the item is addressing as well as the ethnicity of each diverse group. Depression presents itself differently across cultural groups. What displays as depression in a Caucasian is most likely not display in an identical way with another culture group, such as African-American, Hispanic, Latino, Norwegian, etc. (Joe, Woolley, Brown, Ghahramanlou-Holloway, & Beck, 2008). The BDI-II has also been modified to address differences between adolescents, adults, and elderly. The elderly population has a much different presenting issue with depression. BDI-II and Counselor Judgment The counselor must make a sound judgment in choosing the BDI-II for use in evaluating a client’s presenting issues concerning depression, which includes comparing the BDI-II to other depression inventory assessments such as the CAD (Clinical Assessment of Depression) or the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). While the BDI-II is comparable to the PHQ-9 in statistical analysis, the CAD seems to be more accurate in evaluating clinical depression. However, the CAD consists of fifty questions which take about ten minutes or more to complete. For this factor alone the client may not accurately respond to the items on the CAD due to the length even though studies show that it results in a more accurate evaluation of depression (Arbisi & Farmer, 2012; Faxlanger, 2009; Kung, Alarcon, Williams, Poppe, & Frye, 2012). Even though the cost of the BDI-II cost much more than the CAD, the CAD is a relatively new assessment that has not had the longevity that the BDI-II has. The PHQ-9 does not have a cost connected to the assessment, but it is not as well-known as the BDI-II. Once Julia has established herself as a mental health counselor, she will explore the three tests further to see the effectiveness of each test compared to the other so that she can make a judgment on which test is more accurate and effective in diagnosing her clients (Arbisi & Farmer, 2012; Faxlanger, 2009; Kung, Alarcon, Williams, Poppe, & Frye, 2012). Summary In conclusion, the BDI-II seems to be the most effective assessment tool in diagnosing clinical depression. The American Mental Health Counselors Association Code of Ethics (2000) reports that the counselor is responsible for ensuring that each client is assessed appropriately including using the most appropriate test for the client’s presenting issues for diagnosis. The Code of Ethics also cautions the counselor in privacy, interpretation of the results, and to be trained for the assessments in which he or she will use in practice. As before stated, Julia will explore all options for testing for diagnosing clients as well as continued training in testing and interpretation of the results of each test used in practice. References American Mental Health Counselors Association (2000). Code of ethics. Retrieved March 9, 2014 from www.amhca.org/assets/content/CodeofEthics1.pdf Arbisi, P. A., and Farmer, R. F. (2012). Beck depression inventory-ii. Mental Measurements Yearbook and Tests in Print. Accession Number: TIP07000275. Mental Measurements Review Number: 14122148. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100. Cappeliez, P. (1989). Social desirability response set and self-report depression inventories in the elderly. Clinical Gerontologist, 9(2), 45-52. Dahlstrom, W. G., Brooks, J. D., & Peterson, C. D. (1990). The Beck Depression Inventory: Item order and the impact of response sets. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 224-233. Gatewood-Colwell, G., Kaczmarek, M., & Ames, M. H. (1989). Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory for a White and Mexican-American gerontic population. Psychological Reports, 65, 1163-1166. Joe, S., Woolley, Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Brown, G. K., Beek, A. T. (2008). Psyc hometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in low-income, African American suicide attempters. Journal of Personality Assessment Volume 90, Issue 5, 2008. Retrieved March 8, 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729713/ Kung, S., Alarcon, R. D., Williams, M. D., Poppe, K. A., Moore, M. J., Frye, M. A. (2012). Comparing the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression measures in an integrated mood disorders practice. Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 145, Issue 3, Pages 341-343, 5 March 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2014 from http://www.jad-journal.com/article/S0165-0327%2812%2900586-1/abstract Faxlanger, L. (2009). The clinical assessment of depression vs. the Beck depression inventory. Retrieved March 9, 2014 from http://lisamarie1019.blogspot.com/2009/09/clinical-assessment-of-depression-vs.html Steer, R. A., Beck, A. T., & Brown, G. (1989). Sex differences on the revised Beck Depression Inventory for outp atients with affective disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 693-703. Steer, R. A., Beck, A. T., & Garrison, B. (1986). Applications of the Beck Depression Inventory. In N. Sartorius & T. A. Ban (Eds.), Assessment of depression (pp. 121-142). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Talbott, N. M. (1989). Age

Almost. Maine Test (Play) Essay

True or False: 1) Phil and Marci are married. 2) The setting for the play is Eastport, Maine. 3) Steve is Marvayln’s boyfriend. 4) Randy and Chad are a couple. 5) Gayle and Lendall are married. 6) Rhonda and Dave went snowmobiling. 7) Pete is left alone at the end of the play. 8) Jimmy is Sandrine’s ex-boyfriend. 9) Chad works as the mill. 10) Randy’s ex-girlfriend’s face broke while they were dancing. Multiple Choice: 11) What is Marvalyn doing in the beginning of her scene? a) Washing dishes b) Folding clothes c) Ironing clothes d) Reading a book 12) What is inside the tiny bag that Lendall gives to Gayle? a) Chocolate b) A ring c) Flower d) A card 13) Where does Marci’s second shoe come from? a) The sky b) Phil finds the shoe for her c) Under the bench d) The car 14) What is Danny’s wife’s name? a) Ginette b) Hope c) Suzette d) Glory 15) Why is Sandrine at the Moose Paddy? a) She is a waitress there b) She came to meet Jimmy c) She is there for her bachelorette party d) For a drink 16) Dave and Rhonda are ____________: a) Brother and sister b) Married c) Boyfriend and girlfriend d) Friends 17) The waitress’s name at the Moose Paddy is __________: a) Sandrine b) Villian c) Hope d) Marci 18) All of these characters are in the play Almost, Maine except ________: a) Sandrine b) Pete c) Michael d) East 19) Jimmy’s tattoo says _________: a) Sandrine b) Villain c) Waitress d) Villian 20) Where does Hope take a taxi from? a) Boston b) Baltimore c) Bangor d) Easton

As the World Rots Essays

As the World Rots Essays As the World Rots Paper As the World Rots Paper The experiment conducted was aimed towards assessing the capabilities of both bacteria and fungi to decompose food samples in acidic conditions. In this sense, four variables were tested in relation to the rotting process, using both pickled and non-pickled cucumber samples in tap water, bottled water, vinegar, and no liquid setups. The resulting setups were observed for the growth of microorganisms at regular intervals for five weeks. The hypothesis considered through the experiment was that pickled cucumbers will have a slower rate of microbial decomposition compared to non-pickled cucumbers. Basing on the results, wherein non-pickled cucumber samples were identified to have acquired greater microbial growth development through time for all substrates, then the hypothesis was evidently supported. In addition, it is quite notable that microbial growth was not observed in pickled samples throughout the five week period for every setup used. As for the non-pickled cucumber samples in tap water and bottled water setups, bacterial growth characterized by brown spots began during the fourth week of observation, and decay progressed through the fifth week. Contrary to what is expected though, even though vinegar being acidic has intrinsic antimicrobial properties, microbial growth should have been observed. However, from the results, neither bacteria nor fungi were able to grow in vinegar based setups. Theoretically, the fungi are expected to exhibit better growth since the fungi are generally more acid tolerant than the bacteria; hence common spoilage bacterial colonies will benefit more from more less acidic conditions (Lund, Parker, and Gould, 2000). Unfortunately though, fungal growth was not observed in the course of the experiment as pointed out. In conclusion, although the experiment was generally successful and the hypothesis was confirmed, changes to the general procedure may be done in succeeding trials especially in consideration of fungal growth. For one, the commercially produced pickles must no longer be used since the heat and saline processing involved in its production may already have rid of most of the fungi as well as other spoilage bacteria. Also, the use of completely sterile or aseptic procedures may be utilized in sample procurement, preparation, storage, and observation so as to increase the reliability of the results.

Time Management in College Five Golden Rules [Guest Post]

Time Management in College Five Golden Rules [Guest Post] Do you like to learn? I do! Every hour spent at the university was great fun to me. I love to broaden my knowledge, acquire new skills and use them later in practice. However, mastering knowledge of all subjects is extremely time-consuming, especially when each of them refers to different issues, which not always overlap. Therefore, if students want to get good scores in many disciplines, they should admit that time-management in college is crucial! Meeting deadlines is one thing, and keeping the quality of the assimilated content high enough is another. Both issues are significant for students. The reason is that their combination is what makes students successful. I have to admit that I have experienced some slips in my life and terrible pangs of conscience due to the result not meeting my obligations frustrates me greatly because it conflicts with my inner need to be perfect in everything. Today, however, I am no longer the same person who started their adventure with studies. Today, I understand how valuable every minute of my day is. Thats why I try to use these 24 hours to the maximum, so as not to have any regrets that I wasted my time because I was too lazy. If you also want to boost your efficiency, check out five golden rules of time-management in college! #1 Learn to Say No Probably each of us at least once in their life found themselves in a situation in which the number of tasks to perform overwhelmed psych them out. Such moments particularly love to attract people who would like to have their project done by someone else as if those were walking with a loudspeaker and announcing they eagerly relieve their fellowmen in carrying out their duties. I am well aware that saying no is not the simplest thing to do; however, its paramount for time-management in college. We usually do not want to risk the consequences of refusing our help our college friends. After all, we may also need it one day, right? That is why the way in which we communicate this refusal is so crucial – find some practical advice on how to say no so that nobody will consider us to be a chuff! Believe me, if you finally start to devote 100% of your learning time to do your job, you will quickly feel the difference! It will allow you to focus as much as possible on what you can and take your exams without blinking an eye. #2 Do Not Distract Yourself Improving your skills of time-management in college is a challenge to many students. Lets face the truth: whenever we sit down to learn, everything starts to tempt twice as much. Social media, a book, an episode of a favorite TV series (especially when a difficult exam is approaching fast), even hunger starts to get worse than usual. I know it better than you think – as soon as you start learning, the sounds from the outside become much more intense and disperse the barely achieved concentration. Thats why whenever I start learning, I turn off my wi-fi and put my phone away at a safe distance, much longer than the length of my arm, and also behind my back. When someone calls, I have the opportunity to get up and move. Whats more, I no longer check my Facebook account compulsorily reading the same entry three times. This way it is reliable and the results, although difficult to achieve, are incredibly satisfying – I do not waste time on staring at my smartphone and consuming a million different pieces of information. I focus much better on the content to learn for a test or an exam, so I am also more satisfied with their results! Besides, I have learned not to check now and then if I have received a message. It was incredibly difficult for me because I try to answer my friends questions as soon as possible. From experience, however, I know that immediately after any distractions connected to the phone, it is the news that distracts me the most. #3 Prepare a List Of Tasks One of the most important principle of time-management in college is creating to-do lists. Did you know that we are doing much better when we stick to the established plan? Mastering the confusion is the easiest way to concentrate because knowing our next steps allows us to control the time we spend on it. Of course, chaos can also be creative and develop creativity, but unfortunately, this is not a good solution, not in the long run. By placing tasks in a more rigid framework, our efficiency is increased – and that is what it is all about! Here, I have something of a sub-item for you, that is, use tools!Task lists can be drawn up in many ways. The easiest way is, of course, to take a piece of paper and a pen, but I prefer the application for a smartphone. I have already tried Todoist, Asana, Trello, Podio, and TimeCamp, so I know exactly how much time I need to learn a particular subject or to complete another project. I also enter data regularly into my calendar (Calendar for Mac OS). On top of all I have a notebook at hand, which I use to note down some ephemeral ideas and thoughts. #4 Set Yourself a Time Limit When we learn or write some essays for classes, we often encounter the same type of tasks. Notes or scripts are usually of a similar size, so we can determine how long it will take us to prepare them, including any preparation – just as in the case of learning for a particular subject. Again, I will mention the time tracking tools, such as TimeCamp – just turn them on when you start learning, and the application will count the minutes and hours spent on that activity by itself. Doing so definitely makes it easier for students to manage their time because they are able to divide their day in such a way that any of their duties is fulfilled at the expense of the other. Imagine how lucky it will be to learn of three subjects instead of two? I would be proud of myself, would you? You should! Following the rules of time-management in college means no more missed deadlines. #5 Take a Break And the last but not the least rule of time-management in college is taking breaks! Our brain needs rest. Imagine working persistently out at a gym, putting yourself through the hoops there achieve the desired results. It is impossible for you to withstand it without even a short break! The same goes for the mind – it, too, needs rest to work correctly. That is why it is so vital to take a break from time to time while creating something, which is a typically intellectual effort. For me, it usually means two minutes spent with my eyes closed, preparing a meal or, more and more often, a series of simple physical exercises. These small pauses will allow you to enhance your focus and give you the strength to do more work so that you will finish it much faster! If youve missed our blog on helpful time-management activities for students, check it out now, so that you had a complete picture on how to manage your time. Author: Ola Rybacka Ola is a Community Manager at TimeCamp a time tracking software company  and a new media maniac. Shes a Ph.D. and speech therapy student, treats the university as the second home. Likes reading science fiction and fantasy books, prefers rock and celtic music, loves sitting in the kitchen and cooking for her friends and family.  Find her on Twitter here: @pidzuchna

Functional Human Resource Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functional Human Resource Technology - Essay Example This will also require a lot of staff who can work on it.. Why should most of the companies waste their time and money in installing new systems The answer to this question is simple. The reason is that it is very easy and simple to process payroll on a computer than doing it manually. Every employee can now look at his or her average salary for the month and can plan his or her expenditure accordingly. Errors creeping in the calculation of pay every month is reduced than when done so under the manual system. Installation of Computerized Payroll System can be expanded based on the needs of the organization. The installation should pave way for work to be carried out with fewer integration problems. As part of these ports to new payroll resolutions, management comforts particularly for financial management will be a large part of potential technology. The new technology will include more graphing ability, like the dashboards that would immediately display the mean salary by cost center. The new technology of Computerised Payroll System when installed or while installing will be a challenge to the Management. It becomes a challenge, because the required and apt staff who can work with the new system without causing it to crash, will have to be inducted. The human factor, that is the staff, is also equally important as is the

Negotiation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negotiation - Assignment Example A lack of communication can be a barrier that hurts a negotiation. A second component of communication that can facilitate the negotiation process is having good persuasion ability. During a negotiation each party is supposed to influence the other party to reach the desirable terms of the deal. Being good at persuading other can help you score points in your favor during a negotiation. Politicians are a great example of people that use persuasion in their negotiations and public messages to the general population. When using persuasion one must concentrate on focusing on the most important terms of a deal. A third communication component that can positively impact the ability of a person to succeed during negotiation is active listening skills. Active listening can be defined as act of mindfully hearing and attempting to comprehend the meaning of words spoken by another in a negotiation can create an offer that meets the needs of both parties (Businessdictionary). Whenever I’m in a negotiation I like to listen to others first in order to analyze my options in a more analytical manner. Listening well to others also helps me understand the wants of the opposition which can help me garner bargaining power by creating offers based on those needs. I agree with you that to be good at negotiating its takes a lot of practice. A person is not born with negotiation skills. People get better at negotiating by themselves, through lifetime experiences, and through training. Being able to read another person can help in a negotiation. The use of active listening skills can help a person decipher what others want. In your post your post you mentioned the importance of verbal and non-verbal communication. Body language can help decipher the intention of others. The mood of a person can influence the outcome of a negotiation. I agree with you that reading and understanding the intentions of the second party involved in a negotiation is

Our National Debt (USD) Today Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Our National Debt (USD) Today - Article Example One helpful contribution as a citizen is to lobby in Congress asking for the government to cut its spending on military and focus on social concerns such as education or health. The article suggested that we should consume less than what we earn. Everyone must learn how to live within their means so as not to add to the burden of the country. I think it is good if the government encourage people to save money and reduce their spending. Also, the government must create a task force that would create jobs so the unemployed would not give additional problems to an ailing government. Small business must be helped through various incentives. The most sensible and long-term solution is to promote a healthy lifestyle to citizens. When a country has healthy people, they are more productive and this leads to lesser health care given to citizens. Most diseases are caused by obesity which is a reflection of the propensity to spend and consume beyond one’s income. Ironically, it is even the wealthy who get in shape believing that health is wealth. Farmer, Brian. "I.O.U.S.A. How Much?! the New Documentary Film I.O.U.S.A. Sounds the Alarm about Our Worsening Debt Crisis but Is Short on Solutions." The New American 15 Sept. 2008: 26+. Questia. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. "Wake up America! Were on the verge of a financial meltdown," screams the website promoting I.O.U.S.A., a documentary that examines the rapidly growing national debt and the resulting consequences for the U.S. government and its citizens. For example, as the Baby Boomer generation reaches retirement age, will there even be any Social Security and Medicare benefits left to collect?  

The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay Example for Free

The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay The Bildungsroman Genre. The narrative mode Dickens has adopted aligns his novel with the Bildungsroman  genre of literature. The term  Bildungsroman  is a German word meaning novel of formation or education novel. A  Bildungsroman  novel frequently puts an emphasis on the moral and psychological development of its protagonist. Morality is an important theme in  Great Expectations, one of the episodes of  Great Expectations  which illustrates the conventions of the  Bildungsroman form is the storys opening which immediately establishes the protagonists orphaned status with the young Pip contemplating the graves of his dead parents. The figure of the orphan illustrates Dickenss innovative engagement with the  Bildungsroman  genre, as Pip could be viewed as a blank slate, or tabula rasa, in that his mind isnt informed by any external psychological influence from his parents. Instead his shrewish older sister and her husband, the kindly and unassuming blacksmith Joe Gargery, are raising him. Initially Pip is content with his humble surroundings, although his class-consciousness receives a rude awakening on his first visit to Satis House. Here he encounters Miss Havisham and her ward Estella, the latter of whom takes delight in continually reminding the protagonist of his lowly status. When Estella remarks on Pips coarse hands and thick boots, and his habit of calling knaves Jacks when they are playing cards together, she is expressing her contempt of his background. Even though Pip is hurt by her taunts, he still becomes infatuated with Estella, and it is this attraction which triggers his own animosity towards his origins. Sometime after Pip has come of age and has been working in the forge with Joe, the lawyer Jaggers informs him of an anonymous benefactor who wishes to make the protagonist a gentleman. Incorrectly Pip assumes this benefactor to be Miss Havisham, and starts to entertain the belief that the old spinster intends him for Estella. This episode heralds a great advance in the protagonists own snobbery and delusion, as he sets off for London, putting his origins in the Kent marshlands behind him. While Pip is enjoying the leisurely life of a gentleman in the capital, he receives a letter from his old acquaintance Biddy, stating that Joe has come up to London and would like to visit him. Pips disdain for the blacksmith is revealed in his reservations concerning such a prospect: If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money . When the protagonist returns to his hometown for his sisters funeral, his snobbery is further evinced on his insistence at staying in the Blue Boar inn in town, as opposed to the forge with Joe. His actions are evidence of the  Bildungsroman  narratives preoccupation with moral and psychological development. Pips final exchange of wealth and status for friendship and humility indicate how he has matured as a protagonist. On the other hand, the novel by Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D’urbervilles, has not made any case for the novel’s being a Bildungsroman. Tess has been called a â€Å"fundamentally changeless† ballad heroine; her story has been referred to as â€Å"mythological† a â€Å"personification of rural Wessex† a representation of the agricultural community in its moment of ruin†. However, categorising and allegorizing Tess’s story, it is possible to lose sight of the novel’s unrelenting focus on Tess the individual as she attempts to make something of her life. Holding that the novel â€Å"develops a single theme, the life-history of one person, and sends this uninterrupted forward†. Thomas Hardy, in his time plan for the novel, graphically stressed the centrality of Tess’s experience as he carefully noted the dates of the novel’s events in relation to Tess’s age. What Tess attempts to do during the brief portion of her life dramatized by Hardy makes her story one of coming of age, in other words, the novel ought to be viewed as a Bildungsroman.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Huck considers himself to be an ignorant fool, and an over all bad person that should be looked down upon. However, through out his story, without ever realizing it, Huck manages to live through many incredible advetures, and commit unselfish acts that would consider him to be a true hero. It could even be taken to the extent that Huck Finn lived a more down to earth version of Homer ¡Ã‚ ¯s Odyssey. After all, they are both stories of a reliable person going through the biggest adventures of their lives, while facing certain types of monsters, while using their cleverness in order to escape many obstacles. Tho only main difference in this is the fact that while Odysseus faced more mythical challenges, Huck braved through the challenges of his modern society, and the types of people in it. But even so, one could easily say that Huckleberry Finn made almost the exact same journey as Odysseus, with a slightly modern twist added to it. To start, both characters have reasonings behind their journeys as to why they start it. Odysseus began his sea bound adventure because of the fact that he was allowed his freedom from Calypso, who has been holding him captive in hopes of turning him into her husband. So Odysseus is allowed to set sail back to his homeland. Huck set out his adventure because he was attempting to escape from his drunken Pap, who was holding him captive in order to get money. Huck manages to escape on a raft, and set sail. At the end of Huck ¡Ã‚ ¯s adventure, he does in fact end up in what will be his home. The two scenario ¡Ã‚ ¯s are similar for many reasons. For example, both Huck and Odysseus are being held captive for one reason or another. Calypso wanting Odysseus for a husband is just like Pap wanting Huck for his money. To add on to this point, both of them manage to escape throught the use of a raft. The only difference there is the fact that Odysseus is setting sail through the seas, while Huck takes on his adventure through the Mississsippi River. Next in comparison between the two stories would be the use of monsters ¡Ã‚ ± used throught out the adventures. In The Odyssey, Odysseus is forced into fights and challenges that largely deal with monsters, such as the Cyclops, which is a giant, single red eyed beast with the body of a human.

Adults Education Essay

Adult education is very important . adults must know the basic things of life. adult education is needed because it is an essential part of primary education. some people in their early age did not get chance to education because of some reasons but if they are old they can get education and discover their live in a new way. people who are not making effort for the success cant succeed in their lives . we can get education in any age . education helps us in many ways. such knowledge is necessary for every person living in a democratic country. Education is a important part of our life. education means knowledge and it is very important for us. in old times people do not send their girls to schools for education but now people want that there childern should be educated. if we are not educated we have to depend on others but if we are educated we do not have to depend on others. educated person can differentiate between good or bad. education increase our knowledge ways to implement it there is no age limit for education†¦.. We can implement it by making people people aware of it , starting campaigns and doing surveys . Adult education, extension of educational opportunities to those adults beyond the age of general public education who feel a need for further training of any sort, also known as continuing education. is it right? any mistakes? Adult education is needed because it is a powerful auxiliary and an essential incentive to primary education. No programme of compulsory universal education can bear fruit without the active support and co-operation of adults social educa? tion is needed in order to guide in spending their leisure in health? Ful recreations and useful activities. Lastly, illiteracy and ignorance is a sin; an illiterate adult is a burden on society. A The difficulties have to be overcome either by cleverness, or by fact or by compromise, or may be, by intentional avoidance. Only then we can hope to spread Adult Education. The purpose of all good teaching is to produce changes in human behavior. All adult education teacher must adopt a positive approach; adult education emancipates people from the tyranny of illiteracy. [1] Some people, in their early age, did not have the chance to get education for different reasons. When they are old if then, they get education and they can discover themselves in a new way. [2] Learning is a continuous process, and if adult persons have the continued relationship with knowledge is also important. {3] Some adult much time to take rest but if they are engaged in learning they can also have fun and friends. {4] If they are busy something creative jobs, they will never feel boring rather they will feel healthier and happier. We can implement it by making people people aware of it , starting campaigns and doing surveys . 1. in a complex modern democracy, citizens must be knowledgeable. 2. research shows that older people who keep their minds active suffer less dementia and other memory type diseases in old age. 3. in a complex modern economy, workers must be up-to-date on new techniques, and technologies Many people fail to understand that if they don ‘t make the extra effort, they ‘ll never be able to amount to much in life. Some however, after spending a lot of their time as kids fooling around, begin to make the effort to improve their status in life. So being well above thirty or even forty years doesn ‘t matter; anyone can still go back to school to study. It could be any degree that you want. Having missed out on education when you were yet young, still doing school might not look like a good option. However, there are so many adult education programs around, it woul.

Steve’s Needs as a student

Steve is a 20 year old male student; he lives away from home as he is in his final year at university. Steve lives in student accommodation with 6 other male students. The area he lives in is deprived of the city and the local housing is poor quality. There are busy roads and factories surrounding the area he lives in. He smokes up to 120 cigarettes per week and binge drinks a lot. He doesn't exercise at all and he eats unhealthily. Steve's housing is very dirty and messy therefore causing a lot of dust. This is affecting his asthma. Steve's Needs Steve has many needs to improve his PIES. Firstly for his physical health he should stop drinking so much as it will be affecting his liver. Also he should stop eating so unhealthy and get on a healthy diet and start to exercise regularly. He should also use the exercise as well as to get fit to loose weight so he is at a healthy BMI. For his emotional health he should make sure that he stays motivated to loose weight and drink less alcohol and smoke less and eventually quit. He should keep self-confidence in himself that he can loose weight and that he will look much better in the long run after all his hard work.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s Lastly for emotional health he should have support from people in order to help him loose weight and get healthier. People offering him support should be his friends, family and the nurse and doctors who are helping him. These could include the dietician and the community nurse. For Steve's intellectual health he should make sure he concentrates more at university, in order to achieve a high standing grade. Also he should make sure that he gets educated on the risks of what he is doing to himself as he needs to realise what he is really doing to damage his body. Lastly for Steve's social health needs he needs to reassess his social life and stop going out more and maybe even find more supportive friends rather than people who find it funny that he gets into a complete state. Also he should take up a hobby in order to keep himself busy rather than turning to alcohol and causing himself harm. Steve should also think about how he spends his money and that he should stop spending it on alcohol and cigarettes and he should use it in a more useful way such as joining a gym or towards a hobby he may want to take up. Steve should also make sure his housing environment is clean as it is affecting his health as it is very unhygienic. Community Nurse Lisa is a community nurse. She is helping Steve to get healthier and giving him advice on how he can loose weight and get healthier. Roles Lisa works within the community but she is based in a doctor's surgery. A community nurse acts as a teacher and counsellor primarily, but also plays an important role in preventing widespread illness and disease in the community she serves. Lisa offers a supportive role; she supports patients as well as other professionals. She does visits to schools, GPs and home visits in order to spread awareness of illness disease and also to support people in any health issues they may have. Lisa is part of the PCT (primary care trust). She offers general health care to patients and she gives out general advice. The main roles that Lisa undertakes are monitoring people's health, providing nursing care to the sick and disabled, she is also a health teacher letting the community she serves in know about health risks and what you can do to prevent them. Also she is a councillor; giving an appropriate advice and broadening a client's insight about a problem so that appropriate decisions are made which can lead to a positive resolution of the problem. Tasks One of the tasks Lisa may undertake is screening tests to find out about their health such as she could look at the height, weight, BMI and blood pressure of Steve. Also she could do tests on Steve for his cholesterol levels and test their lung functions. These screening tests can help to promote good health. This is because if there is an issue involving the Steve's health then doing one of these screening tests Lisa may be able to notice the problem and then look at it in more detail. If the problem is noticed soon enough then Lisa will be able to inform Steve of what it is and help him sort the problem out and recommend him to a doctor or advise him on what he can do in order to retain a healthy state. Also a task Lisa may do as a community nurse is educating the community. She may give out education and advice on certain issues patients may have. These could include pregnancies, exercise, drinking, smoking, diet and contraception. A community nurse can also provide information and advice on prescribed or over-the-counter medication on medication regimens, side effects and interactions. However if Lisa thinks that the patient needs more than just her advice such as Steve may need to see a dietician in order to plan out a healthy lifestyle and diet she may advise him to go see the specialist person as she may not be able to help him as much as the dietician can. She may also advise the patient to go to a specialist support group. Such as if she thinks that Steve is showing signs of being an alcoholic she may advice him to attend an AA meetings or if she sees that Steve is overweight and needs help in loosing weight she may send him to groups that are specialised in helping people loose weight such as weightwatcher meetings. Lisa may also give out leaflets to a patient in order to help them with their health issue and for them to learn more about what it may consist of and how they can help themselves to get better health. Such as giving Steve leaflets on stopping smoking. The leaflet would contain information of what stopping smoking consists of and what different methods he can use to stop smoking. If Lisa is incapable of giving the patient the knowledge they need she may have to refer them onto someone who will have much more knowledge about the issue. Such as if Lisa found that there may be an issue with a Steve's health that would need him to have more tests and more examining then she will refer him to a doctor who will have more knowledge on what the issue is and they will be able to advise give more advice to the Steve than Lisa may be able too. Lisa educating the community and giving them advice is another way to show that she is promoting good health to the community. The education she is providing will help people to see the first symptoms of serious diseases such as lumps on the breast, which should be checked out for breast cancer. This education of people finding out about diseases in the early stages will help a person to overcome the disease and get their good health back as soon as they can. Rather than having no education on looking out for the disease they may end up noticing the disease months down the line when it may be too late. Also if people are being given positive advice they may feel better about themselves and therefore their lifestyle may become of a better quality and more positive. Such as if she was telling Steve how much fitter and healthier he will be if he looses weight and cuts down his drinking and smoking. Also that he will look much better and people will find him more attractive. This positive encouragement will help Steve to take on Lisa's advice and make him want to loose weight so he can achievement a positive outcome. The advice may also help people to seek out more medical help in order for them to maintain good health, without the advice they have been given by Lisa they may not know what to do about their health issue and things could have got much worse. Another task that Lisa might do as a community nurse is minor treatments. Lisa will not have the full medical training and knowledge as a doctor may have so therefore she will not be able to administer extreme drugs to the patient or be able to attend to serious wounds. However she will be able to dress wounds and make sure they are kept clean. Such as if Steve has a minor injury from being out drinking all night and falling over as he was drunk. He will need the wound dressing and Lisa will be able to clean it to prevent infection and then bandage it up to avoid further damage. Skills Lisa will need a variety of different skills as a community nurse. Firstly she will need mathematical skills. These mathematical skills can be put to use when she is making sure that numerical data is interpreted properly. If the data is interpreted properly then patients will have a correct understanding of what is going on with their body. Also Lisa can put her mathematical skills to use when she is doing Steve's BMI. If she correctly uses her mathematical skills to work out Steve's BMI then Steve will see Lisa as a knowledgeable, reliable person. If he sees Lisa as this then he will be more likely to listen to her advice and trust her. If he is listening to her advice because she has shown him that she is correct at her job and can help him then that will be helping Steve needs. Lisa should also have good communication skills. She can put these skills to use when she is trying to get her message across to Steve. If she is giving Steve results from a screening test she must make sure that she doesn't upset him and that she knows how to correctly communicate with him in order to get the best outcome. If Lisa seems to be nice and helpful towards Steve and she looks like she knows what she is saying and she is comforting Steve when he finds out some shocking news then Steve will maybe become to like Lisa and understand why she is there for him. If he understands that she is there to help him then he is more likely to listen to her and in listening to her and getting her advice Lisa will be helping Steve to loose weight and cut back on the bad things he is doing to his body. This will be helping Steve's needs. Lisa will have to have medical knowledge as a skill to be a community nurse. She will have to have medical knowledge so when she is giving out medical advice she will need to know that what she is saying is accurate and correct. If her medical knowledge is accurate and correct and she has the skill to advise people on what they should do and help people with their descriptions she will be trusted and respected a lot more than if she didn't have any knowledge on what she was doing. The medical knowledge can come in useful when she is working with Steve and helping with his needs. If Lisa shows Steve that she knows what she is doing and her knowledge is correct then Steve is going to want to follow her advice on how he can get his body fitter and healthier. Steve needs to lose weight and if he wants to follow Lisa's advice then she will be helping with his needs. If she had bad knowledge and seemed as if she didn't know what she was doing Steve would be put off by this fact and may not want to or follow her advice as he may seem it to be incorrect, or that its her opinion and not a medical one. Lisa also should have good communication skills. She must make sure that she gets her message across to her patients such as Steve in a way that won't offend them and will make them feel confident that she knows what she is saying. She must make sure that if she is giving out results such as screening tests to someone that she is professional and makes the person feel comfortable. If Lisa puts this skill to use when working with Steve she will be helping with his needs. She will be doing this by communicating to Steve what is going on with his body in a positive non-offensive way then Steve is going to want to listen to Lisa and he will see what she is saying is important and that will help him in being confident that he is in the right hands to lose weight and get healthier. Qualities There are many qualities that Lisa should have to be a good community nurse. Firstly she should be patient with the patient. She should never rush them into anything she must make sure she remains calm and not stressed out with the patient. Some patients may need to lose a lot of weight and if they aren't doing it as quick as the community nurse would like, they must make sure they still remain calm and patient. If they start to rush a patient into loosing weight and telling them there not doing well enough or quick enough then they may lose their self-esteem and that could cause them to stop the course of treatment and therefore they won't be loosing any weight. However if Lisa is patient and calm with patients like Steve throughout the whole time they are seeing them which could be many months, Steve will more likely to become more confident that what he is doing is going to be beneficial and that he is doing everything correctly therefore Lisa will be helping him with his needs. Another quality that Lisa should have as a community nurse but also in helping Steve with his needs is being encouraging. If Lisa is encouraging then Steve will want to carry on with what he is doing as he is being encouraged to do so. If Lisa is giving him positive encouragement and keeps reminding Steve how much better he will look and feel when he is healthier and fitter then Steve will become more determined to listen to her advice and participate in what she is doing to help him. If he listens to her advice then his needs will be for filled. Lisa should also make sure that she is very friendly towards her patients and that she doesn't come across as being very nice then patients like Steve will be put off from talking to her. If Steve is put off from talking to Lisa then he is unlikely to listen to her advice. If he doesn't follow or listen to her advice then he won't have his needs met. However is Lisa is friendly and kind towards Steve and shows him that she cares about him as an individual then Steve is more likely to listen to her advice and encouragement and have his needs met. Dietician Roles Sue is a dietician for the NHS. She works in partnership with doctors and a nurses who can refer their patients to Sue to get specific help that Sue as a dietician can help them with. Sue will have specialist knowledge about diets and nutrition as she is trained in them areas. Therefore Sue will be very useful in helping Steve with his diet and loosing weight. A dietician plans nutrition programs and food programs for their patients. Dieticians such as Sue can help prevent diseases and obesity problems because they teach people about the role of food in their diet. They usually run food programs in institutions, such as hospitals and schools. A dietician promotes healthy diets through education and education programs. Another role that Sue may have is to be able to create a diet based on what the doctor prescribes. The dietician must be able to prepare and calculate a diet based on the nutrients a person needs. Tasks A few tasks Sue may have to do as a dietician is educate her patients. The education is often about appropriate diets and what diet may be appropriate for their health needs. Sue could educate Steve on what diet he could start to take and how it will benefit him. Sue can also educate her patients by telling them the different types of food groups and why their all individually important. She could educate Steve on what the different foods he eats do for him and maybe what food group he should start eating and why. Also Sue can educate her patients about the risks of an unhealthy diet and being overweight. Steve would benefit from this education very well as he may not understand the full risks of what he is doing to his body, but if Sue educates him on what he is doing to it and how bad it is then it may encourage Steve to take action. One of Sue's tasks may also be giving her patients a diet that they specifically need and that will fit into their lifestyle. She could give Steve a diet that specifically is for him and fits around his university timetable. Both hospital and community dieticians educate people who need special diets as part of their medical treatment, for example patients with kidney disease, food allergies, eating disorders, diabetes, HIV/AIDS etc. Another task that Sue may do is to run food programmes. Running food programmes in places such as schools can help the young pupils to get more knowledge on nutrition and what diets they should be taking in order to be healthy. Sue could run a food programme at Steve's university to show Steve that it is important to lose weight and be healthy, not just him but everyone. Another task that a dietician may have is giving out advice. Sue could give out advice on diets and nutrition in many different ways. A few of these ways could be giving out leaflets in a school or community place to get people to read into more detail on how important a healthy diet is. Also she could give leaflets out to her specific patients advising them on how to cope with their new diet etc. Sue could also show videos and tell about case studies in communal places such a school or a GP. These videos will show awareness of a what an unhealthy diet can do and what you can do in order to maintain a good health and how you can do it. One of a community nurse's tasks are to produce diet plans to suit the individual and what's best for them. If Sue produced a diet plan that was suitable for Steve in order to lose weight then that will benefit him a lot. A dietician also monitors weight, they do this in order to see how well the patient is doing on the diet they have been set. If the patients diet plan isn't working for them and regular weight monitoring shows this then Sue may change their diet to something else to see if that diet plan works. Constant updating is needed in order for Sue to see if she needs to change diet plans for the patients. A dietician might incorporate exercise into the process, but this would only be minimum information such as that they should exercise regularly and often after meals etc. Skills Sue should have mathematical skills as a dietician. She will need these skills in order to produce accurate diet charts and to accurately work out a person's BMI. If the information Sue produces is correct because she has accurately used her mathematic skills then she will be able to tell Steve what to do to get healthier and lose weight. Steve will then believe that Sue knows what she is saying, he will then follow her advice and start to lose weight, this will be helping with his needs. Therefore he will feel better about himself as he will look and feel great. Sue should also have good communication skills. Good communication skills are useful as the information is given face to face so therefore its important that the message is given across appropriately. Steve is more likely to listen to Sue's information as she will be giving immediate responses and making him feel comfortable. This will help him as he will understand what to do to get himself healthier and this will help him to lose weight leading to him having a good self esteem, again Sue will be helping with what he needs. Sue should also be able to have a skill in order for her to be able to give good advice. Sue will have to give good advice with reason behind the advice she has given, she will also have to have medical and nutritional knowledge to back up what she is saying this is because Steve will then know that she is giving a medical overview on his body and that it is a serious fact that he is unhealthy and needs to lose weight, not just Sue's personal opinion. The knowledge that Sue has is important as she will be letting Steve know she knows what she's doing and he will follow what she is saying and he will lose the weight he needs also he will get much fitter and healthier and he will then feel much better about himself, therefore his needs will have been helped by Sue. Sue should also have knowledge on nutrition and dieting. This knowledge she has on nutrition and dieting will help her to provide accurate and immediate advice to her patients. If she is providing accurate and immediate advice to patients they will feel confident that she knows what she is doing. If Steve believes that Sue has knowledge and accuracy on what she is telling him then he will trust her and he will want to take her advice and he will stick to diet plans she sets him, if he loses weight as a result of Sue's work she will be helping his needs. Qualities Sue should have many good qualities in order to be a good and helpful dietician. Polite and friendly should be one quality. She will need to make sure she doesn't offend the patient in what she is saying. She shouldn't say that they are ‘fat' and need to lose all their ‘chubbiness†. She should be polite and professional and use the correct terminology to avoid any offence. Steve is overweight and if Sue worked out his BMI and saw this she shouldn't call him ‘fat'. She should tell him that he is overweight and borderline obese. Even though it sounds worse if Sue uses the correct terminology then Steve is less likely to get offended and more likely to take things seriously. If he takes things seriously he is more likely to want to lose weight and therefore his needs will be met. Sue should also have being approachable as a quality. If the Sue is approachable and friendly and nice the message she must give to Steve that he is overweight and does need to diet may make him accept these things more lightly than just saying he's fat and needs to lose weight fast. If Steve can accept things more lightly and understand what Sue is saying to him then he is more likely to be confident and want to lose weight. If he loses weight then his needs will have been met. Sue should also make sure that she is relaxed and patient with her patients but that she is also firm. Things may get irritating if a patient is refusing to diet or doesn't seem to think they should lose weight. Sue should stay relaxed and patient but however she must make sure that she doesn't give in and she stays firm. Such as making Steve stick to his diet plan. She must understand that it may be difficult at first but must be consistent and firm with Steve and keep reminding him that his needs can only be met if he works with her and takes onboard her advice. Sue must also make sure she stays positive. Being positive is a quality that Sue needs. She must make sure that she tells them how much better they will look and feel after all their hard work and that it will be very beneficial. If she does this then her patients will then want to aspire for the positive goals. If she is negative and rude patients such as Steve may not listen to her and may not lose weight and may even start to gain weight. If Steve doesn't lose weight then his needs will not be met. However if Sue stays positive with Steve and makes sure that he is in a positive frame of mind and he is in a determined lose as she tells him of all the benefits then Steve's needs will be met as he will eventually lose weight and feel and look much better.